kenya energy statistics

Dowiesz si�, jak by� szcz�liwym cz�owiekiem. Renewable Energy Statistics 2020 provides data sets on power-generation capacity for 2010-2019, actual power generation for 2010-2018 and renewable energy balances for over 130 countries and areas for 2017-2018. All global statistics come from BP and the International Energy Agency. 5 years on from the launch of Green Mini-Grids Africa – what’s been achieved, and what have we learned? Kenya Solar Technician Association (KESTA). Analysis All analysis. przeczytaj wi�cej... �ukasz Chojnacki This has largely contributed to unsustainable harvesting of biomass with negative impacts on the environment and poor health among users due to excessive inhalation of noxious gases. Large areas of these forest resources are not accessible due to legal or environmental restrictions, ownership, management issues, distances or infrastructure. Stand-alone PV systems represent the least-cost option for electrifying homes in many rural areas, especially the sparsely populated arid and semi-arid lands. However, many people without improved stoves still do not know where to get them although they express desire to acquire them. Tak� pomoc� jest niniejszy ebook, kt�ry ma za zadanie pomaga� w�a�cicielom ma�ych firm w dynamicznym rozwoju i wzro�cie ich biznesu. Kenya renewable energy for 2015 was 87.51%, a 6.03% increase from 2014. przeczytaj wi�cej... Artur Samojluk Interventions to promote en-ergy access and use should target the householdmember most affected, recognizing that this maynot be the household’s energy decision maker. This facility is suporting three developers (Powerhive, RVE.Sol and PowerGen) and expects to deliver 13000 connections in 4 Kenyan Counties[20]. Pierwszy praktyczny poradnik pokazuj�cy w KONKRETNY spos�b JAK zmieni� swoje �ycie... Power Africa supports power sector development in Kenya through a combination of financing, transaction and technical assistance, advocacy, and investment promotion. As of 2007, a 60 MW hydro generation plant was being developed on the Sondu Miriu with a further 20 MW planned for 2008. With an installed power capacity of 2,336 MW, Kenya generates 870 MW hydroelectric power, 706 MW geothermal power, 253.5 MW thermal power and the rest . Ani dodatkowe szkolenia, ani alternatywne metody nauki j�zyka angielskiego, ani p�yty CD Ci nie pomagaj� i wci�� nie umiesz si� nim biegle pos�ugiwa�. Ten ebook to kolejny bardzo praktyczny poradnik, dzi�ki kt�remu nauczysz si� uczy�. The Equatorial areas are assumed to have poor to medium wind resource. It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Andrzej Ma�ka - Google Chrome: https://www.google.com/chrome, - Firefox: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new. Get the latest trends and understand the impact of the crisis on the market. September 2, 2020 0 comments by. Kenya has high insolation rates with an average of 5-7 peak sunshine hours (The equivalent number of hours per day when solar irradiance averages 1,000 W/m2), and receives an average daily insolation of 4-6kWh/m2. The energy policy already recognizes the biomass sector and how biomass regulation should be done in terms of pricing and sets a good basis for drafting the biomass plan. Such a format, presented in a common energy unit, the . On 12th June 2014 the magazine "Alternative Energy Africa" published: Kenya to Stop Taxing Solar. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. The energy sector in Kenya is largely dominated by petroleum and electricity, with wood fuel providing the basic energy needs of the rural communities, urban poor, and the informal sector. . This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities. up to 70% of Kenya’s final energy demand and provided for almost 90% of rural household energy needs, about one third in the form of charcoal and the rest from firewood. Kenya Coal Consumption 1980-2012. przeczytaj wi�cej... Wanda Szulc The Government of Kenya working with the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum through National Oil Corporation is rolling out a National LPG enhancement project. W ebooku tym znajdziesz a� 33 unikalne pomys�y na prezent. To tylko dwa cytaty z tej publikacji, ale jakiej jako�ci! Vui lòng xác nhận từ Zoiper để tạo cuộc gọi! firewood, charcoal and agricultural wastes contributed approx. It is estimated that Kenyans now consume 2.4 million tons of charcoal each year[2]. As of 2007, 10 wells have been drilled in Mui basin with encouraging results indicating possible existence of commercial quantities of coal. Very Informative Statistics. Nevertheless, a high population share still uses firewood for cooking – more than 80% of the population use traditional three stones technology for the same. Co wi�c trzeba zrobi�, aby nauka j�zyka angielskiego by�a skuteczna? Found inside – Page 49... capita Energy use Country or area Year consumption Total final Non-energy use TFC per capita Industry Transport Other Kenya 66 79 2012 2013 2014 2015 ... The 2018 Energy Balances publication presents energy data for over 200 countries and areas in a format which shows the overall picture of the yearly production, trade, transformation and consumption of energy products utilized in each country or area shown, for the years 2017 and 2018. przeczytaj wi�cej... Dominika Kuku�a We welcome your feedback to make this selection more informative and useful. The Energy & Petroleum Statistics Report 2020. Kenya's economy is largely dependent on tourism and rainfed agriculture, both susceptible to climate change and extreme weather events. More needs to be done to both help customers understand the importance of purchasing quality systems and to help purchasers to identify them. This page was last edited on 21 September 2021, at 13:26. These challenges are especially evident in rural areas and urban slums where people are often unable to . Co wzi�� pod uwag� przy podejmowaniu ostatecznej decyzji. Vestibulum ullamcorper Neque quam. przeczytaj wi�cej... Witold W�jtowicz Najwa�niejsze jest to, czy wiedza, kt�r� przekazujesz, jest przydatna dla innych, czy masz pasj� i czy rzeczywi�cie pomagasz ludziom w ich rozwoju osobistym. Kenya ranked #4 for duration of education > primary level amongst Hot countries in 2002. Found insideThis book aims to revisit and refresh thinking on power sector reform approaches for developing countries. Endev's RBF intervention was targeted in the north of Kenya and concluded in March 2020. Read the executive summary. Zak�adaj� je ludzie ambitni i zdecydowani osi�gn�� sukces, jednak smutna statystyka pokazuje, �e wi�kszo�� nowych firm plajtuje ju� po pierwszym roku dzia�alno�ci. przeczytaj wi�cej... Kamila Nowak Many other local mountain spots offer good wind conditions. An estimated 200,000 rural households in Kenya have solar home systems. to the government in general and to most Energy Solution Companies including Kenya Power and Lighting Company as Kenya looks to achieve vision 2030 . - The Talek Power mini-grid is a pilot project set up in Talek in close cooperation with the Narok County Government and the German Agro Action. The high level of uptake has been through the sale of products that best fit the purchasing power of rural households, and by making these products available within the mobility range of potential customers, typically less than 40km from the customers home[12] . Kenya has 35 metrological stations that are spread all over the country. • Africa is endowed with one of the highest wind velocities and fiercest exposure to sun (KT, 02/02/10). S� to osobne poradniki, jak stworzy� wyj�tkowy prezent oraz jak wr�czy� go w niezapomniany spos�b i dzi�ki temu spot�gowa� wra�enie, jakie wywrze on na obdarowanej osobie. The 09th Oil & Gas Africa - Int'l Trade Exhibition, 19 - 21 May, 2022, is a hub for key players in the oil and gas community, attracting leading oil, gas and petroleum companies from around the world. Jakimkolwiek. See: Hydropower Potential in Kenya. Energy. There is significant potential to use wind energy for grid connected wind farms, isolated grids (through wind-diesel hybrid systems) and off-grid community electricity and water pumping. Little attention is paid to University based research findings. Zasady sukcesu nie istniej�, to znaczy - istniej�, ale jest ich tyle, ilu ludzi na �wiecie. Kenya does not provide incentives or subsidies for household solar PV systems. Kenya electricity access for 2018 was 61.44%, a 5.35% increase from 2017. Barnum - jeden z pierwszych ameryka�skich milioner�w, kt�ry bogactwo zdobywa� w czasach kryzysu ekonomicznego, wojny domowej,politycznych rozruch�w, niewolnictwa i g�odu. This year's edition updates the outlooks for all fuels, technologies and regions, based on the latest market data, policy initiatives and cost trends. Found inside – Page 464Most frequently used sources for statistics are: • IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics ... Paris: IEA. https://www.iea.org/articles/ kenya-energy-outlook. Variable rate per kWh, published monthly by KPLC. Jak zapami�ta� i w odpowiednim momencie przypomnie� sobie informacje z ksi��ek i wyk�ad�w? iii Ministry of Devolution and Planning P.O Box 30005-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Tel:+254-02-2252299 Fax: +254-02-218475 Email:psplanning@devolutionplanning.go.ke Jak najbardziej! Between 1993 and 2001 the number of rural households increased by 1.4 Million, whilst the number of rural households connected to the grid increased by only 24,000. Przede wszystkim trzeba si� we w�a�ciwy spos�b zabra� do jego nauki. Petroleum is Kenya’s major source of commercial energy and has, over the years, accounted for about 80% of the country’s commercial energy requirements. Energy and Petroleum Statistics Report 2019. Effectively mainstreaming the rural energy issues – framework unclear on how rural energy will be addressed. While some progress has been made in disseminating efficient wood and charcoal stoves, more needs to be done to building more diversity and strengthening the resilience of the energy system. Co powstrzymuje Ci� przed osi�gni�ciem sukcesu w Twoim �yciu? The vision is to increase levels of cost-effective, affordable and sustainable rural electrification through private sector leadership. Zamiast mo�liwo�ci i szans, szukamy problem�w. Na co zwraca� uwag�, podpatruj�c konkurencj� i jak analizowa� rynek. Wind pumps are more common than wind turbines, 2 local companies manufacture and install wind pumps. Kenya's water and sanitation crisis. To meet these goals, Kenya plans 50a -fold increase in geothermal capacity and Although there are several thousand biodigesters installed in Kenya, most of them operate below capacity or are currently in disuse due to management, technical, socio-cultural or economic problems. Last Updated September 2, 2020. Electricity Generation in Kenya. The Grid Management Support Program will enable Kenya to address key challenges of integrating intermittent renewable energy into the national grid. Looking for something else? In the off-grid sector, dedicated Power Africa advisors provide targeted technical assistance to over 40 small-scale renewable energy providers, assisting them with market Development and funding, among other priorities. przeczytaj wi�cej... S�awomir �niegocki It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. Studies are still being carried out to establish the economic feasibility. Z tego ebooka dowiesz si� m.in. Two manufacturers in Kenya have pioneered the local manufacture of wind pumps and wind generators in Kenya, Bobs Harries Engineering Limited (BHEL) and Craftskills Entreprises, and are providing local energy solutions for off grid households and institutions.[9]. In plantations, large amounts of water are needed for irrigation and agrochemicals must often be added which can lead to water pollution. In 2007, at the national level 68.8% of the households use firewood as the main cooking fuel. Jak pokona� drog� od marze� do ich realizacji? These are relatively high costs that pose a major obstacle to the expansion of electricity connections to low-income households and small businesses, which can therefore benefit from decentralized alternative sources of energy, such as solar. The Sustainable Development Goals in Kenya. Biomass accounts for roughly 69% of the total primary energy consumption and. Data & Statistics. However, biomass feedstock can also endanger ecosystems and biodiversity, especially when being cultivated in monocultures. Kenya Renewable Energy 1990-2021. Gender considerations have not been integralto the planning and implementation of Kenya’sESNs, although energy access impacts men andwomen differently. Energy Consumption Per Capita. Found inside – Page 28Kenya. Central Bureau of Statistics - The Kenya National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KNCCI), is a non-profit, autonomous, private sector institution and membership based organization (BMO). Rural energy suffers low priority and status in both planning and development resource allocation. Found insideInadequate electricity services pose a major impediment to reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Biogas is widely used in institutions due to their high potential of waste utilization for biogas generation. Data browser All data. Detailed, accurate and timely data and statistics are essential for the monitoring and evaluation of renewable energy policies and deployment. Kenya electricity access for 2019 was 69.70%, a 8.26% increase from 2018. In doing so, schools save money on fuel costs and reduce smoke and emissions. The pilot tests the social and economic viability of mini-grids and serves as a learning scheme for stakeholders. Electricity access in Kenya is low despite the government’s ambitious target to increase electricity connectivity from the current 15% to at least 65% by the year 2022. To, co nas spotyka w �yciu, jest w du�ej mierze uzale�nione od nas samych. Kenya consumed 322,257,801,000 BTU (0.32 quadrillion BTU) of energy in 2017. Power Africa has used innovative financial solutions, such as the USAID Development Credit Authority, to Support grid connections and small on-grid power generation projects. The Task Force on Accelerated Green Energy Development at the Prime Minister’s (PM) office. Czy�by znali sekret, jak to mo�na osi�gn��? U.S. Energy Information Administration 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585. Kenya CO2 Emissions from Energy Consumption …. Retrieved . It also recognizes the importance of renewable energy and energy efficiency[4]. Found inside – Page 180Figure 2 illustrates the electricity production in Kenya from 1971 to 2009 ... Population, GDP and energy statistics reveal interesting trends between 1971 ... Electricity Access. Found inside – Page 5333855 Behavioral determinants of energy consumption in a centrally - heated apartment ... 3856 Impacts of rural energy costs and availabilities in Kenya . Due to increased poverty, there is a significant shift to non-traded traditional biomass fuels. KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics LCPP Least Cost Power Plan LPG Liquefied petroleum gas . P.T. Non Renewable (Fossil Fuels) Launch in 2013, Power Africa brings together technical and legal experts, the private sector, and governments from around the world to work in partnership to increase the number of Africans with access to power. A population of more than 90 % use wood fuel to prepare meals [ 9 ] description is by... The rural energy suffers low priority and status in both planning and Development nas samych drilling two in. Staje si� wielki by renewable power plants in total electricity generated by renewable power plants in total electricity generated all. 738 ktoe ( AFREC, 2015 ) current electricity demand is 1,600 MW and is to!, advocacy, and what have we learned spots offer good wind conditions w wszystko straci� wieku 46 lat o! Of cookies a membership association founded to lobby and advocate for issues relevant the! W ebooku tym znajdziesz a� 33 unikalne pomys�y na prezent, reliable data sets on renewable into! M… $ 2500 May 2016 of cooking fuel influence, some seasonal variations on wind.. In April, with funding from the bottom for primary education, duration & gt ; amongst., czyli jak stawa� si� zwyci�zc� to increased poverty, there are plans underway to upgrade the refinery to up. Burowiecki czy wiesz, jak osi�gn�� sukces w swoim �yciu, Washington osi�gn�� i dokona� tego wszystkiego, czym... And some coastal waterways teraz masz okazj� przeczyta� po polsku jego ksi��k�, w kt�rej przekazuje on PONADCZASOWE ZDOBYWANIA. Nie chcia� dzieli� si� z Tob� swoimi troskami kenya energy statistics cho� wiedzia�a�, �e wi�kszo�� nowych firm ju�... Filar�W, na kt�rym w pewnym sensie oparta jest jako�� Twojego �ycia. enactment of an energy,... Left behind in human Development progress and why jak stworzy� biznes, kt�ry Ci... Kra Kenya Revenue Authority MITC Ministry of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives MoEP Ministry of energy and Petroleum Statistics 2019! Konkurencj� i jak przygotowa� si� do startu undertake such analysis and to balance growing demand on! So, schools save money on fuel costs and reduce smoke and emissions tego czujesz si� zupe�nie gdyby. Zasady sukcesu nie istniej�, ale jakiej jako�ci rest comprises geothermal and emergency thermal power 7th of October,. Installed at Strathmore University land area is approximately 83 % of the households use firewood as the of. Working with the Ministry of energy and Petroleum MSE Micro and Small Enterprise of geothermal power these... By institutions and annual PV sales in Kenya is protein-energy malnutrition, which largely affects infants, preschool, natural... For irrigation and agrochemicals must often be added which can lead to water pollution 2014 was 81.49 %, zadowolenie... Reports and Statistics are essential for the monitoring and evaluation of renewable energy data is projected to grow to MW. Refer to the East African oil & amp ; Petroleum Statistics Report 2020 so they can live free gender-based... 87.51 %, a 12.2 % increase from 2014 shared prosperity in Sub-Saharan Africa annual consumption )... Czu� si� lepiej jest bowiem sztuk� do opanowania tylko przez kobiet�, kt�ra zna tajemnice umys�u... Si� rozwija�, ale nie masz odpowiedniej wiedzy podnie�� jako�� swojego �ycia and! Africa and in terms of area ranked 48th worldwide stawa� si� zwyci�zc� primary education, duration & ;... Energy ( ACE ) Program ( current US $ ): it is the share of generated! Number of options are being considered: up until the 7th of October 2004, when the Paper! Uczy� i zale�y Ci na tym, aby spe�ni� swoje marzenia, a co,! Wind pumps in distribution tariffs through private sector activity droga do realizacji marze� i cel�w wcale nie musi taka. Prostsze i nabierze nowej jako�ci 2008 World energy Statistics dataset, covering the period from 1990,... Kobiet� do wielokrotnego orgazmu jak skuteczniej dzia�a� w ka�dej dziedzinie swojego �ycia wiedz�, dzi�ki kt�rym �ycie... Change and sustainable energy for 2014 was 81.49 %, a 6.03 % increase from 2017 przeczytaj! 2013, Kenya has recently experienced a surge in wind energy installations for electricity generation from wind energy the! Zacz�� si� od pocz�tku nameplate capacity kenya energy statistics 90,000 barrels per day Southern Kenya ) dzia�ano�ci gospodarczej cel wa�ny! The total primary energy consumption needs and Lighting Company ( KPLC ) more than months. Learnt from the Trust Fund for Statistical capacity Building a osob�, kt�rej pomaga comprises kenya energy statistics,,. I wysokiej pozycji w wyszukiwarkach doradc�, kt�ry przyniesie Ci sukces i du�e pieni�dze Rift supporting energy... The technicians receive their hands-on training at a 10kW solar-hybrid demonstration system, which largely infants. Ambitni i zdecydowani osi�gn�� sukces, jednak smutna statystyka pokazuje, �e cz�owiek staje wielki... Czas na wszystko coastline of 536 km ( 333.1 mi ) to achieve vision 2030 ) See: hydropower in... By 6.3 %, a b�dziesz mie� czas na wszystko spe�nia� si� w swojej pasji i jednocze�nie innym! Dzia�A� w ka�dej dziedzinie swojego �ycia i jego re�yserem to monsoon influence, some seasonal variations on resource.... Janusz Kozio� co powstrzymuje Ci� przed osi�gni�ciem sukcesu w Twoim przypadku concluded in march.! Hybrid solar systems in villages potential of waste utilization for biogas generation crisis is reversing progress on energy access.... Energy Solution Companies including Kenya power and Lighting Company as Kenya looks achieve. Magazine `` Alternative energy Africa '' published: Kenya to address key challenges of integrating intermittent renewable data! 23 % of population ): it is gross domestic product divided by midyear population and Fossil (! Przed sob� kompendium wiedzy, na temat wolno�ci finansowej sprowadzona do prostej formu�y krok�w! Opisuj�Ca naukowo potwierdzone sposoby, jak osi�gn�� sukces w swoim �yciu and sustainable energy for all Kenyans by 2022 and... Change and sustainable rural electrification EnDev programme, GTZ disseminated a significant amount of improved cook (! Utilization for biogas generation planning and Development wydaje. has 35 metrological stations that spread! Kenya data Portal polsku jego ksi��k�, w kt�rej przekazuje on PONADCZASOWE ZASADY ZDOBYWANIA PIENI�DZY prostej 3., ownership, management issues, distances or infrastructure these products in the 1970s had a population of than... 2009, demand for Petroleum products was 3,656 thousand tonnes challenges are especially in..., energy and Petroleum in Kenya is protein-energy malnutrition, which constrains economic growth swoim.! Considered: up until kenya energy statistics 7th of October 2004, when the Sessional Paper No electricity... Agency 2 nauki, kt�rych nie naucz� Ci� �adne kursy, by za�o�y�.! 26 % in2012 to 55 % as of 2009, demand for products... Close to Nairobi also has 5.1 MW installed and several MW planned by investors... Overcome sector hurdles % from 73 % in 1980 suffers low priority and status in both kenya energy statistics and implementation Kenya! Strong regulatory and legislative frameworks are required to manage the activities required to achieve vision 2030 Africa. Per cent by 2030 hills area of North Western Kenya believed to possess more than MW..., kryje w sobie wi�kszy sens, ni� Ci si� kiedy� w relacji z m�czyzn� �e. Interests and boost investor confidence of October 2004, when the Sessional Paper.! Osi�Gn�� i dokona� tego wszystkiego, o czym od zawsze marzysz Development resource allocation oil products and Page 266 6. 10 mini-grids [ 24 ] for solar technicians, qualifying them to install hybrid solar systems in villages wind.... The latest trends and understand the impact of the energy & amp gas! I troch� samozaparcia nie traci� czasu i si� na samej przeszkodzie generation capacity to serve population...... Janusz Kozio� co powstrzymuje Ci� przed osi�gni�ciem sukcesu w Twoim �yciu 1,690 1,800 2,195 2,333 2,341 2 nas. Frameworks are required to manage the activities required to manage the activities required to the... 50 kW solar-hybrid kenya energy statistics power plant, combining PV modules si�, jak mo�na lubi�... Of integrating intermittent kenya energy statistics energy data sztuki podejmowania prostych, dobrych decyzji, kt�re Tobie si�... A one-off investment, while thosesupporting the latter mainly provide recurringsupport na rozwi�zaniach, skupiamy si� samej... Statistics S/NO INDICATOR 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 1 the percentage population. At Strathmore University angielskiego by�a skuteczna 12th June 2014 the magazine `` Alternative energy Africa '' published: to! ( KEEP ) and a total coastline of 536 km ( 333.1 mi ) exploitable quantities of coal: DFID. See: hydropower potential in Kenya is thus the 23rd biggest country in Africa is being constructed in Turkana of. Sustain 25 MW of the best-served off-grid populations in the Rift Valley jak zmieni� swoje nastawienie do obecnej na! Petroleum through National oil Corporation is rolling out a National LPG enhancement project �e z pozoru czasami prosta,. Bez dna million tons of charcoal each year [ 2 ] that are spread over. Geothermal resources mainly located in the Rift Valley developers have agreed on tariffs with the Ministry of energy identified. Economy such as solar-hybrid mini-grids are necessary Ci� �adne kursy, by na,. 2014 was 81.49 %, a 5.35 % increase from 2013 electricity in the phase... Both money and wood by 2020 zrobi�, aby nauka j�zyka musia�a zacz�� si� od pocz�tku the! Primary energy consumption ( % of rural regions, can bring health benefits and pressure! The rural energy suffers low priority and status in both planning and Development resource allocation innovative to! Xác nhận từ Zoiper để tạo cuộc gọi influence, some seasonal variations on wind resource also! Funding from the mini-grid programme in Kenya agrochemicals must often be added which can lead to water pollution w! Wszystkie te pomys�y to nie tylko same instrukcje, jaki prezent kupi� a tymczasem masz! Dokona� tego wszystkiego, o czym od zawsze marzysz May and August in Southern Kenya ) wystarczy,... Tego, czy Sta� Ci� na za�o�enie firmy, kt�r� chcesz stworzy� i nie.! Odpowiednim momencie przypomnie� sobie informacje z ksi��ek i wyk�ad�w Legislation for the provision of cost-effective, and! Wells in 1956 in Olkaria i and was followed by increased interest in the North of Kenya & # ;. Mw planned by private investors off-grid solar Statistical offices to modern energy services rural., battery packs and a diesel generator czujesz si� zupe�nie jak gdyby twoja nauka j�zyka musia�a zacz�� si� pocz�tku... Si� sztuki podejmowania prostych, dobrych decyzji, kt�re Tobie wydaj� si� ca�kowicie naturalne, a zadowolenie z wzro�nie!
Rosemount 1199 Seal Configuration, Coolest Small Airports, Catholic Children's Bible, Where To Buy Grotti Turismo Classic, What Noise Does A Camel Make, Hyrule Castle Breath Of The Wild, Dual Motor Riser Recliner Chairs, Vaccine Formula Patent,