Plastic pollution - particularly in the oceans around Africa - will thank goodness be in the spotlight during a two-day event in Port Elizabeth this July. The growing clout of the Beat Plastic Pollution campaign could eventually influence global power-broking bodies like the United Nations to enact sweeping restrictions on single-use plastics. And the children of Dandora, who suffer from hunger, neglect, and a variety of health problems related to the dump, clean up many of the company’s bottles — sometimes gathering them when they should be in school. Plastic Pollution By Country 2021. “People move it from one place to another and just burn it.”. “The more people around the world know this, the more Coca-Cola and the other companies will be forced to act responsibly.”. “The big companies are not off the hook,” said Schmidt, who is based in Germany. As a result of the partnership, South Africa has seen an increase in recycling from single digits in 2000 to 65% in 2017. Letter from the Central Bank of Nigeria regarding prohibition of DMB, NBFI and OFI from dealing in or facilitating payments for cryptocurrency exchanges. In truth, Coke has given only grudging support to the laws that require beverage companies to tack a charge onto the price of their drink to be refunded after it is returned. Plastic problem in Africa Prof. Nabil H H Bashir Department of pesticides and Toxicology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P O Box 20, Sudan Detoxify or Die "Air pollution and water pollution are only a small part of the toxicity story. It does not address central-bank-issued digital currencies, including central-bank crypto currencies. Through the MARPLASTICCs project, IUCN is working with South Africa, one of the world's top 20 contributors of marine plastic pollution, to close the plastic tap. VIENNA — The coastlines of Africa stretch across 30 000 km and are host to heavy industry, sprawling peri-urban settlements, in addition to tourism and shipping activities, all of which contribute to the growing challenge of marine plastic pollution in the region. The company's chief director, Hans Essaadi, claims that his company creates 5% of Nigeria's plastic garbage. And brand audits have repeatedly found Coke and Pepsi, quintessential American brands, among the top polluters in the world. Lisa Berthelot. One, from 2011, was funded by the American Chemistry Council. It explores the environmental and socio-economic impacts of plastic pollution in the South African context, with a focus on plastic The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management ... And, in any case, if it comes to pass, a contraction of the plastics industry will play out over years and decades. says in 207 2 plastic consumption in South Africa was over 1.6 million tonnes. While unabated growth has gone on for decades, before the pandemic, the industry was planning to significantly ramp up its usual expansion. Last year, major companies involved in plastics manufacturing, including BASF, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, Covestro, Dow Chemical, Exxon Mobil, and Formosa Plastics, formed the Alliance to End Plastic Waste. The law is subject to change and no representation or warranty is made with regard to accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. It is funded by the Microsoft New Venture Fund and originally by the Gates Foundation. But the value of plastic is dropping here too. The intensive extraction of oil, but also heavy traffic, desertification, deforestation and conflicts all contribute to the deadly impact of pollution on the environment and on people's health. Krishen, who is completing her thesis on plastic pollution at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Earlier in the year, the UN floated an idea to significantly restrict the plastic that makes it into the oceans, and the G7 voted on a similar resolution this year. Emeka W. Dumbili. This exposure draft sets out the proposed framework to allow entry of digital banks with innovative business models that seeks to serve the underserved and unserved market segments. While his research did indeed find massive plastic pollution in 10 rivers in Asia and Africa, including the Mekong, Indus, Yangtze, Yellow, Nile, and Niger, “they can’t say it’s just a local problem over there,” said Schmidt, who added that he felt “there should be increased producer responsibility” in Africa, as there is increasingly in Europe. How South Africa will beat plastic pollution. But when the president of the conference, Abraham Zivayi Matiza, announced the unanimous passage of the plastic amendment after several days of near-nonstop negotiations, “the room was filled with thunderous applause,” said Joe DiGangi, a senior science adviser to the International Pollutants Elimination Network who attended the meeting. The petrochemical industry, which makes the chemical components of plastic, is also exploiting the pandemic to ask for the rollback of environmental regulations — and, in many cases, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is complying. Found inside – Page iThis book reviews the role of plastics in society and examines the environmental impact of different types of plastics. Instead, Coke’s contribution toward those collaborations was Coke, the soft drink, which the volunteers were given only after they had spent hours cleaning up garbage in the hot sun. He earns nothing for his environmental work, which sprang from his disgust over the “unimaginable” amounts of plastic trash in his town. All rights reserved. Nigerian Breweries also intends to show Nigerians that garbage has value through this programme. Found insideAbandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a problem that is increasingly of concern. Even Christian Schmidt, the author of the study Perry cited, doesn’t think his research exonerates the producers of the plastic. Waste collection is not the only plastics-related issue that the multinational beverage company handles differently in different parts of the globe. The DFSO has been made possible by a grant graciously provided by the New Venture Fund, continuing assistance from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. This study is a review of plastic pollution reports from the African aquatic environment with regard to causes, current status, toxicological implications and implications for ecosystem services. Water pollution is making the lives of precious souls in danger day by day. While Coke was the biggest source of plastic waste in both Africa and the world, according to a 2019 global brand audit of plastic waste, all sorts of companies that make plastic and use it for packaging have left the public to deal with the expense of addressing and preventing the harm caused by their products. 3022 Broadway, Uris Hall The sad truth is that more than 80% of marine pollution originates from land-based sources. While the U.S. and the American Chemistry Council have focused on recycling as the solution, the repurposing and recycling of plastics can be particularly dangerous in the developing world. A proposal by Rep. Gregory Meeks is undermining a separate amendment to end U.S. complicity in the yearslong offensive. “If I become a doctor, I would even help them for free.”. But returning garbage to sender turns out to be incredibly difficult. How many covert wars, miscarriages of justice, and dystopian technologies would remain hidden if our reporters weren’t on the beat? In fact, Musasia funds the organization with his modest earnings from his small business and, between the two, often works more than 60 hours a week. To mitigate the pollution, governments have imposed plastic bans. The group has pledged $1.5 billion toward ending the flow of plastic waste into the environment, an impressive amount until you realize that the corporate commitment is a mere 1 percent of the estimated $150 billion it will cost to clean plastics from the seas. This book is about a little boy named Gio who loves to explore the beach. The Kenyan government also passed a ban on all single-use plastics, including bottles, in national parks and protected areas, which is due to go into effect in June. Media contacts listed for the alliance did not respond to specific questions from The Intercept about how much money member companies were spending to support it and what projects they were undertaking. “They told us that, for our own good, we need to stop our campaign,” said Musasia, who nevertheless remains committed to the uphill battle against plastic. And the bags that can fit them all, called diblas, are too big and unwieldy for children to carry. Joyce Wanjiru, country manager for PETCO Kenya, said the company’s subsidies have “cushioned recyclers in the market significantly, allowing them to produce flakes and pellets that allows their product to be competitive internationally.” Wanjiru also noted that, during the coronavirus crisis, some of PETCO’s member companies have been providing face masks, hand sanitizer, and food vouchers to waste-pickers in Kenya, whom she referred to as “wastepreneurs.”, Mwangi Mboya overlooks the hills of the Dandora dump in Nairobi, Kenya. Tanzania The Digital Financial Services Observatory is a project of the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information (CITI) at Columbia University Business School in New York. Last April, Coca-Cola, Nestlé, Unilever, and the beverage company Diageo launched an Africa-specific corporate group to counter the crisis. If action isn't taken more widely, it might be too late to curb the damage by then. Discarded airplane food can spark some of the fiercest fights. The intensive extraction of oil, but also heavy traffic, desertification, deforestation and conflicts all contribute to the deadly impact of pollution on the environment and on people's health. On the contrary, she wrote, “many of The Coca-Cola Company’s (TCCC) bottling partners have been consolidated into Africa’s largest bottler, Cola-Cola Beverages Africa (CCBA), the eight largest Coca-Cola bottling partner worldwide.”. The network also found extremely high levels of the flame retardants HBCD and PBDEs in the eggs at Agbogbloshie and measured these same chemicals in eggs sampled near medical waste incinerators in Accra and Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon. 3. The Wall Street Journal reported African governments and mobile money providers bolstered the use of mobile money to help comb. In one sense, Coke has lost the war against container deposit schemes, which have recently been set up in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and Western Australia. Some 172 metric tons of plastics and its chemical components worth $285 billion were imported into 33 African countries between 1990 and 2017, according to a study published last year in Environmental Sciences Europe. But the visit — and the proposal — didn’t lead to any funding. The rest of it is garbage,” said Whitelocke-Ballingsingh. But the industry representatives not only rejected their idea, several responded with veiled threats. Wakibia said he met with little opposition in the four years he campaigned to ban plastic bags, but expects a national bottle ban will elicit a different response from beverage companies. “Polymers generally lose strength, stability, and moldability as the linear molecular bonds are severed or broken during recycling processes,” said Geiser, who founded the Center for Environmentally Appropriate Materials. You are welcome to submit documents, laws, commentaries and regulations to be considered for publication. A total of 59 plastic pollution studies from 1987 to September 2020 were reviewed. Ethical Volunteering since 2006 +27 72 8532753 Due to a lack of resources, Africa struggles with maintaining its environment and reducing its pollution levels. In Kenya, where some 18 million people live on less than $1.90 per day, the responsibility offloaded by some of the most profitable companies in the world falls to some of the poorest individuals in the world, like Rosemary and her aunt. A local youth organization, Dandora HipHop City, came up with a way for kids who live near the dump and don’t have the strength or time to gather a whole kilo of plastic to still get something for individual bottles and other pieces of plastic they gather. This position paper focuses exclusively on non-government, or non-centralbank-issued, crypto assets. To Ismawati, all the waste moving into Indonesia and throughout the developing world belies the notion that recycling can solve the plastics problem. “We send them this garbage and then we’re going to turn around and say, ‘Look at these people, they can’t even manage their plastic,’” said Azoulay of the Center for International Environmental Law. But since China closed its doors to most U.S. plastic in 2018, some cities have found that they don’t have the money to recycle and have abandoned the practice, causing widespread inconvenience and a growing awareness of the persistence of plastic. This report is a perspective of the Communications Authority of Kenya with respect to the National Cyber Security landscape during the period October – December 2020. The guide outlines the key problems and challenges and how these can be addressed. The guide is promoting circular solutions to the ocean plastic pollution, and intends to inspire impactful action and change. Not everyone was happy. And whether they’re true or not, with her pronouncement, which Perez made while expressing her respect for young anti-plastic straw activists, Coke gave itself the green light to continue pumping out plastic. Data on plastics ≤ 5 mm in estuaries are scant. storage etc. Despite there being less plastic entering the sea from South Africa than previously thought, there's still a serious plastic pollution problem. After the vote, DiGangi wound up riding the elevator with a lawyer who was representing the plastics industry at the meeting. Nevertheless, recently passed bans on single-use plastics in Europe and Canada remain on track to take effect next year. Lesley Henderson. The Alliance to End Plastic Waste did not respond to inquiries from The Intercept for this article. Coke, which is valued at more than $200 billion, sees Africa as “one of the core growth engines for the company going forward,” as CEO James Quincey recently put it. A goat walks on broken glass in the Dandora dump in Nairobi on Feb. 15, 2020. While environmental outrage has constrained markets in many wealthier nations and, after the coronavirus pandemic, will likely cut further into the acceptability of plastics there, the use of plastic and products packaged in it is still growing quickly throughout Africa and elsewhere in the developing world. Festooned with hand-painted art and furnished with scavenged scraps that serve as chairs and sofas, the building provides a place for the kids to compose music on old computers, write, play games, and just pass the time. Everything that’s worth anything in Dandora, which stretches for more than 30 acres in the eastern part of the Kenyan capital, is contested. Minister Edna Molewa introduced her department's 'Source to Sea' initiative recently that will focus on marine pollution. “Charitable groups will send shipping containers marked as aid, but when you open up the containers, sometimes only maybe 10 percent of what’s inside is usable. Plastic pollution is most visible in developing Asian and African nations, where garbage collection systems are often inefficient or nonexistent. While his research did indeed find massive plastic pollution in 10 rivers in Asia and Africa, including the Mekong, Indus, Yangtze, Yellow, Nile, and Niger, "they can't say it's just a local . Though the river is polluted, it is used by residents of low-income settlements as a source of water for cleaning, bathing, and watering crops. This study is a review of plastic pollution reports from the African aquatic environment with regard to causes, current status, toxicological implications and implications for ecosystem . Advocates working on plastics in poor countries say they have little choice but to live with the dictates set by the big beverage companies. The trade group represents Dow, BASF, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, Exxon Mobil Chemical Company, LyondellBasell, and many of the other big multinational corporations that helped create the plastics problem the program aims to solve. Even before the coronavirus crisis, the Udall bill — which the New York Times described as a “long shot” in early February — faced an uphill battle in Washington. For close watchers of the global plastics crisis, there is a bitter irony to the positioning of both poor countries as the cause of the plastics crisis and the U.S. as their savior. Panic about food has already led to a stampede in one Nairobi slum. I don’t think so.”. South Africa steps up measures to reduce pollution Back to News South Africa's Department of Environmental Affairs has announced a new way forward in the fight against pollution, particularly plastic waste. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. “Some of the people work with minimal protections considering how many chemicals are involved. While the implementation of Western Australia’s container deposit plan has been delayed because of the coronavirus, Coca-Cola now has a hand in running all of those programs. In the African context, research has focused on land-based (macro) plastic pollution, and thus less is known about marine microplastics. Found insideQuantitative and qualitative methods are systematically combined to address policy dilemmas and urban planning problems. Readers and analysts utilizing this text gain comprehensive skills and background needed to impact public policy. While countries grow, their plastic consumption also tends to grow and the anticipated plastic pollution trend in the future is threatening the globe. © Columbia University, CITI 2016. Possible Solutions to Overcome Water Pollution in Africa. Wealthy countries fail to recycle the vast majority of their plastics, a process that involves cleaning, sorting, and grinding it, then turning the ground plastic into bits called flake, and ultimately converting the flake into new products. In Cameroon, plastic trash is melted into a sludge, which is then mixed with sand and used to pave roads, according to Gilbert Kuepouo, coordinator of the Cameroonian environmental group Research and Education Center for Development. Right/Bottom: Ramsizo Burguda works on new music in the Dandora HipHop City studio.Photos: Khadija Farah for The Intercept, In September 2018, Coke brought a delegation out to the dump to meet with the youth organization. The proposal, rejected by U.S. military research agency DARPA, describes the insertion of human-specific cleavage sites into SARS-related bat coronaviruses. “I think there are like eight rivers in the world where close to 90 percent of the waste is going into the oceans,” Perry said on a press call. Found inside – Page iiThis book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political ... Plastic Pollution in Africa. The first of the book's four sections represents a basic introduction to the key subject matter of plastics and the environment; the second explores several pertinent applications of plastics with environmental implications-packaging, ... The Advertising Standards Authority issued an opinion on an advertisement by a Bitcoin advertising and currency exchange alleged to be misleading and socially irresponsible. In South Africa, as little as 16% of plastic is recycled. Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources, but exploitation of these resources has led to extreme pollution of the environment. Pollution from settlements along just 20 rivers contributes as much as 67% of this total - these rivers are mostly in Asia, but also feature river systems in Africa and South America. “Once people start to see and smell it and realize it’s being burned in their backyards, they say no way,” Puckett said. Cameroon environmentalists tackle plastic pollution in Wouri River. Even the industry’s promotion of plastics as a tool to fight the pandemic won’t prevent its inevitable contraction, according to Muffett. Unlike glass, which can be repurposed infinitely, plastic can be significantly worse for wear after being recycled just once. ; The first synthetic plastic — Bakelite — was produced in 1907, marking the beginning of the global plastics industry. Working 10 to 12 hours a day, seven days a week, the young plastics traders, who have named their business gwadenyochi, the Amharic word for friends, earn enough to rent a shared room where they sleep between shifts. microplastics contaminating water supplies, according to the United Nations’ Environment Program, converting plastic bags into a cheap form of asphalt, The Long, Strange Journey of a Plastic Bag, floated an idea to significantly restrict the plastic, Global Citizen Festival: Mandela 100 on 2 Dec. in Johannesburg. While much remains to be learned about the effects of this plastic within us, low doses of some of the chemicals in plastic can affect human development, reproduction, and health. “Will they exploit this to pitch more expansion under the guise of consumer hygiene? Some of the nastiest, most polluted rivers in the world are in China and India. Critics deride the plastics industry’s small contributions toward cleaning up plastic while continuing to make far grander expenditures to protect its businesses. “Whatever little money they have goes to buy food.”. Annually approximately 500 billion plastic bags are used worldwide. Later that month, the company partnered with the youth organization on several cleanup days, but those events didn’t involve any direct financial support either. Across Africa, unmanaged waste and pollution are becoming serious problems. In Africa, the amount of plastics and polymers that will become plastic products imported from the U.S. and other countries was recently predicted to double by 2030. Rosemary Nyambura spends her weekends collecting plastic with her aunt Miriam in the Dandora dump in Nairobi. An unknown amount of U.S. garbage enters the country in other ways, including under the guise of humanitarian aid, according to Sherika Whitelocke-Ballingsingh, who has been a public health inspector in Jamaica and now works for the Caribbean Poison Information Network. Although momentum on beating plastic pollution has grown in recent years, international efforts to limit plastic pollution have so far witnessed limited success in addressing the . More than half of it went straight to landfills and only about 9% was recycled. “When you’re going against organizations like Coca-Cola, things are already stacked against you,” said Musasia, who is 39 and founded an organization called Clean Up Kenya in 2015. Created by the Intergovernmental Fintech Working Group (IFWG), this position paper presents the South African policy position on crypto assets. But a century into our love affair, we’re starting to realize it’s not such a healthy relationship. As journalist Susan Freinkel points out in this eye-opening book, we’re at a crisis point. Water quality is a greater concern for sub-Saharan Africa's populations. Plastic waste covers the banks of the Nairobi River on Feb. 15, 2020. In February, at a sustainability conference in Brussels, Coca-Cola executive Bruno Van Gompel made an encouraging presentation about plastic. Rivers, especially those that run through urban areas, collect plastic litter during storms and carry this pollution out to the ocean. Plastics are inexpensive and durable making them very adaptable for different uses; as a result . Who would hold party elites accountable to the values they proclaim to have? And it’s true that the traders there find ways to repurpose obsolete computers, TVs, and other electronics that are considered trash in the U.S. Found insideUsers will find the book to be a comprehensive overview of microplastic research that is ideal for research and understanding on the occurrence of microplastic in aquatic environments. The Bank invites written feedback on this exposure draft, including areas to be clarified or elaborated further or alternative proposals that the Bank should consider. To adequately address the issues of plastic pollution that goes beyond individual country jurisdiction, there is a need for global solidarity. of the plastic pollution challenge in South Africa and proposes the necessary interventions to address it. The project is already making an impact - in 2020, Mr Green Africa recycled 1,600 metric tonnes of plastic waste for an estimated 4.8 million kg CO2 emissions saved per annum, empowering 640 waste pickers. Although outrage about the company’s plastic waste has erupted worldwide over the past few years, Bea Perez, head of sustainability for Coke, said that switching from plastic could alienate customers, affect sales, and drive up the company’s carbon footprint. The scrapyard, which sits next to a lagoon near the city center, has been celebrated as the perfect market-driven solution to waste. Several of her six cousins, whom she has lived with since her mother died, have already dropped out of high school because her aunt couldn’t afford their school fees. “Industry had already recognized that its assumptions about how plastic would grow were wildly optimistic,” said Muffett, who pointed to coronavirus-related delays in the construction of new plastics and chemical plants, an increase in bankruptcies among fracking companies, and unprecedented drops in fossil fuel production as evidence that the industry is now headed for further trouble. We’re talking about massive amounts of waste, just mountains and mountains of material. Found insideA fascinating and authoritative account of the controversies and possibilities surrounding nuclear waste disposal, providing expert discussion in down-to-earth language. Monitoring plastic concentrations in estuaries is vital in assessing the magnitude of terrestrial inputs to oceanic environments. And more than 1,000 of the seized shipping containers remain in the port of Jakarta, according to Nexus3’s Ismawati, who is particularly concerned that the remaining waste will also be hard to repatriate and may wind up in poor countries. According to Plastic Oceans: Packaging accounts for just over 40% of total plastic usage. © First Look Institute. Consider what the world of media would look like without The Intercept. At the group’s “bank,” a storefront one block from the dump, kids can earn points for even a single plastic bottle, which they can then redeem for cooking oil, flour, vegetables, and other essentials. Sharon Lerner[email protected]theintercept.com@fastlerner. “If you’re so advanced that you can send rockets to the moon, why can’t you build recycling plants in your own countries?”. And in the meantime, the U.S. has sent the country at least 188 million pounds of its plastic garbage. “Every stage of post-use treatment degrades the functional quality of the polymer,” Kenneth Geiser, emeritus professor at the University of Massachusetts at Lowell, explained of the molecules that make up various plastics. ; A slide-deck summary of global plastics is available here. The eventual aim is to scale the business to reach 134 trading points in Kenya by the end of 2023. Birds, cows, and goats have staked out their own grazing spots on the mounds. Benin . The impacts of plastics in marine ecosystems - mostly originated from land - are well documented. In February, the department announced that it would be partnering with the American Chemistry Council on the program. Leaked Grant Proposal Details High-Risk Coronavirus Research, Amendment to Stop Saudi War on Yemen Is Really an Excuse for Business as Usual, As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming. The world has a plastic pollution crisis. The West African country adopted a ban on the production, importation, marketing, possession and use of non-biodegradable plastic bags in November 2017 in an effort to end marine plastic pollution. Coke endorsed a Scottish bottle deposit plan in 2017, though only after Greenpeace released a leaked document showing that the company had fought against it for years. Some countries like Kenya, Rwanda, and Morocco have flat-out banned single-use plastic bags, forcing businesses and consumers to use alternatives, and countries like Zimbabwe have targeted styrofoam with bans. An exploration and study of oceans discusses their origins, current issues surrounding the harvesting of energy and food from depleted ocean sources, and the technological advances being made in the study of the ocean floor. Industry has made similar requests in Turkey, Germany, and Italy. Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time, causing unprecedented harm to human and ecosystem health. A state of impoverishment ; as of 2015, 413 million citizens of Africa live in poverty 11... Business in Kenya by the Microsoft new Venture Fund and originally by the of! Policy dilemmas and urban planning problems the local brands they were making were also eliminated being recycled just once hygiene... 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